03241cam a2200229 i 4500020001800000020001500018040001000033082002600043100001900069245015300088300005100241520238600292650002002678650001802698650002902716700002202745700001702767710006102784942001002845999001702855952013902872  a9789251074145  a9251074143  cBTCTA  aFAO BIO 2013 C132 Or.1 aElbehri, Aziz,10aBiofuels and the sustainability challenge :ba global assessment of sustainability issues, trends and policies for biofuels and related feedstocks /  axvi, 174 pages :bcolor illustrations ;c25 cm  a"Biofuels global emergence in the last two decades is met with increased concerns over climate change and sustainable development. This report addresses the core issue of biofuel sustainability of biofuels and related feedstocks, drawing from a wide range of sustainability related studies, reports, policy initiatives. The report critically examine the economic, environmental and social sustainability dimensions of biofuels and review the major certification initiatives, schemes and regulations. In doing so, the report relies on extensive review of a number of country case studies covering a broad range of current biofuel-feedstocks systems. The report analysis clearly distinguish feedstock efficiency (in terms of biofuel yields per unit of land) from sustainability, especially under limiting resource (irrigated water) or sensitive areas (carbon stocks). Also, long run economic viability depend on the future policy support, technical innovations in biofuel systems, economics of biofuel supply and demand and tradeoffs between food and energy uses as well as feedstock productivity gains. Biofuels can present both advantages and risks for environmental sustainability; the latter being often difficult to measure or monitor and may conflict with economic sustainability unless great strides in productivity gains are achieved. Social sustainability is the weakest link in current biofuel certification schemes owing to intrinsic local factors and as efforts target more few negative social impacts; much less focus is placed on inclusive processes that strengthen marginal stockholders participation and benefits. Biofuel certification schemes need to be more smallholder inclusive, perhaps through policy initiatives. Finally, poor developing countries, especially with abundant land and biomass production potential, need to prioritise food security and poverty reduction. In many cases, biofuel models that encourage small scale integrated bioenergy systems may offer higher rural development impacts. FDI-induced largerscale biofuel projects, on the other hand, may be suitable in those situations where countries have sufficient industrial capacity, besides land and biomass potential, and when these biofuel projects can be fully integrated into domestic energy strategies that do not conflict with food production potential and food security"--Page 4 of cover. 0aBiomass energy. 0aEnergy crops. 0aSustainable agriculture.1 aSegerstedt, Anna,1 aLiu, Pascal,2 aFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.  cAEDBB  c20942d20942  0010406FAO_BIO_2013_000000000000000_A084_OR70992618aLBAbLBAcA084d2023-01-18oFAO BIO 2013 A084 Or.pa071324r2023-01-18yAEDBB