000 02176cam a2200229 a 4500
020 _a9789251057797
020 _a9251057796
040 _cUAB
082 _a382 TRA 2007 A077 Or.
100 1 _aDankers, Cora.
245 1 0 _aPrivate standards in the United States and European Union markets for fruit and vegetables :
_bimplications for developing countries /
260 _aRome :
_bTrade Policy Service, Trade and Markets Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
_c2007.
300 _axviii, 150 p. ;
_c30 cm.
520 _aOver the past 20 years the number of standards and certification programs for agricultural production has grown rapidly. Producers who want to export are confronted not only by a plethora of import regulations, but also within import countries by different niche markets for which specific requirements have to be fulfilled. While the adoption of voluntary standards may grant export opportunities to farmers, they can also be considered barriers to entry for those who cannot apply them either because they are too onerous or because of the lack of knowledge about their requirements. In fact, some producers and exporters increasingly regard private standards as non-tariff barriers to trade. New and more stringent standards are being developed year after year, and there is an urgent need to determine today, and in the future, the extent to which these govern world trade. This report gives an overview of standards and certification programs relevant for fruit and vegetable producers and exporters in developing countries with a focus on the markets of the United States and the European Union. In addition, it gives an overview of current analytical work on standards and trade, reviews major assistance programs related to standards and provides recommendations for further research.--Publisher's description.
650 0 _aProduce trade
650 0 _aProduce trade
650 0 _aProduce trade
710 2 _aFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
710 2 _aFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
856 1 1 _uftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1245e/
942 _cEK
999 _c15540
_d15540